What art style is this? Compare your painting with the visual signs below, from Gothic altarpieces to abstract canvases. Each style lists three things to look for and one well-known example. If you are not sure, answer the five questions and we will point you to the closest match.

The signs of each style

Duccio, Madonna of the Franciscans

Gothic

about 1150–1450 · example: Madonna of the Franciscans, Duccio

  • Gold background instead of a real sky or room
  • Flat space, with the most important figure drawn largest
  • Religious subjects: Madonnas, saints, altarpieces

Gothic paintings · read the guide

Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa

Italian Renaissance

about 1400–1527 · example: Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci

  • Deep space built with perspective lines
  • Calm, balanced groups, often in a triangle
  • Natural bodies and soft shading on faces

Italian Renaissance paintings · read the guide

Johannes Vermeer, The Milkmaid

Dutch Golden Age

the 1600s · example: The Milkmaid, Johannes Vermeer

  • Quiet rooms lit by a single window
  • Ordinary people, food and objects
  • Smooth, almost invisible brushwork

read the guide

Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing

Rococo

about 1720–1780 · example: The Swing, Jean-Honore Fragonard

  • Pastel pinks, blues and creams
  • Flirting couples, gardens and parties
  • Light, curving, playful compositions

Rococo paintings · read the guide

Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii

Neoclassicism

about 1760–1830 · example: Oath of the Horatii, Jacques-Louis David

  • Sharp outlines and a polished, smooth surface
  • Columns, togas and scenes from Greece and Rome
  • Figures lined up like a stage frieze

Neoclassicism paintings · read the guide

Jean-Francois Millet, The Gleaners

Realism

about 1840–1880 · example: The Gleaners, Jean-Francois Millet

  • Ordinary working people at large scale
  • Earthy browns and greens
  • No idealized beauty, no myth

Realism paintings · read the guide

John Everett Millais, Ophelia

Pre-Raphaelite

1848 to about 1900 · example: Ophelia, John Everett Millais

  • Jewel-bright color
  • Every leaf and flower painted in sharp detail
  • Scenes from poetry and legend

Pre-Raphaelite paintings · read the guide

William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Birth Of Venus

Academic art

about 1820–1900 · example: Birth Of Venus, William-Adolphe Bouguereau

  • Porcelain-smooth skin with no visible brushstrokes
  • Myths, history and idealized figures
  • Large, carefully finished canvases

Academic art paintings

Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night

Post-Impressionism

about 1886–1905 · example: The Starry Night, Vincent van Gogh

  • Thick, swirling paint or bold outlines
  • Colors chosen for feeling, not accuracy
  • Simplified, solid shapes

Post-Impressionism paintings · read the guide

Gustav Klimt, The Kiss

Art Nouveau

about 1890–1910 · example: The Kiss, Gustav Klimt

  • Gold leaf and flat decorative patterns
  • Flowing, curving lines
  • Figures set inside ornament

Art Nouveau paintings

Edvard Munch, The Scream

Expressionism

about 1905–1925 · example: The Scream, Edvard Munch

  • Distorted bodies and faces
  • Clashing, unnatural colors
  • Anxiety or strong inner feeling

Expressionism paintings

Wassily Kandinsky, Composition VII

Abstract art

from about 1910 · example: Composition VII, Wassily Kandinsky

  • No recognizable subject
  • Shapes, lines and fields of color
  • Composition built like music

Abstract art paintings · read the guide

Want to see where each style sits in time? Open the art movements timeline, or browse the 100 most famous paintings in the world. Every painting here can be painted by hand in oil on canvas by our studio artists.